Littledeer ~
I am quite familiar with the Mdewakanton, referenced in the Newsweek article you attached, as a family member was involved in operation of Mystic Lake and Dakota Country casinos in Shakopee during the time referenced in the article. I am also familiar with gaming operations in the Cherokee and Muscogee Creek nations in Oklahoma.
While some tribes do pass along a portion of profits directly to enrolled members of their tribes, others do not. The Cherokee and Creek do not. Monies from gaming are used for tribal government operation, education, health care, and social program benefits for their members.
The benefits of having a roll number in this part of Oklahoma are primarily having the opportunity to qualify for health care, housing assistance, educational scholarships, etc.
ETA: Oklahoma Tribal Jurisdiction Map
http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/hqdiv/p-r-div/maps/tribal/tribaljurisdictions.pdf