Colorado law does not refer to "premeditation" as an element of First Degree Murder After Deliberation. Some may think deliberation and premeditation mean the same thing, but Colorado seems to have rejected the idea that you can deliberate in a matter of seconds. Here is the jury instruction, with a comment describing the history behind it. You can make up your own mind.
Definitions
F:10 AFTER DELIBERATION
The term “after deliberation” means not only intentionally but also that the decision to commit the act has been made after the exercise of reflection and judgment concerning the act. An act committed after deliberation is never one which has been committed in a hasty or impulsive manner.
COMMENT
- See § 18-3-101(3), C.R.S. 2018 (homicide and related offenses).
- Under this definition, some “‘appreciable length of time must have
elapsed to allow deliberation, reflection and judgment.’” Key v. People, 715 P.2d 319, 322 (Colo. 1986) (quoting People v. Sneed, 183 Colo. 96, 100, 514 P.2d 776, 778 (1973)). See Martinez v. People, 2015 CO 16, ¶ 11, 344 P.3d 862 (“The trial court in this case erroneously instructed the jury that ‘after deliberation’ means an interval of time ‘sufficient for one thought to follow another.’ The prosecution culled this language from an 1895 case, Van Houten v. People, that considered how quickly premeditation can occur in the first-degree murder context. 22 Colo. 53, 43 P. 137, 142 (1895). More recently, however, this court has rejected the Van Houten language as inconsistent with the element of deliberation that the current first-degree murder statute requires. People v. Sneed, 183 Colo. 96, 514 P.2d 776, 778 (1973). . . . [However,] because the record in this case reveals overwhelming evidence of deliberation, and the instructions as a whole adequately informed the jury of the law, the instructional error did not seriously impair the reliability of the jury’s guilty verdict. We therefore affirm the court of appeals’ holding that there was no plain error in the trial court’s jury instructions.”).
3. Evidence of voluntary intoxication is admissible to counter the specific intent element of first-degree murder, which includes “after deliberation” as an element. See People v. Miller, 113 P.3d 743, 750 (Colo. 2005); People v. Harlan, 8 P.3d 448, 471–75 (Colo. 2000).