JMO
I just went down a rabbit hole trying to find out more about how newer vehicles are installing passive GPS location recording devices onto their vehicles and its hard to find a good article on it.
The best explanation I found was in an article related to fleet tracking of trucks where it mentioned that manufacturers install these devices so that it makes it easy to upgrade (plug into) to a full navigation system with a full screen when a customer opts for that option or does an after-market ad-on. I didnt include the article because it didnt explain it very well and was mainly talking about fleet truck tracking.
We know manufacturers have these "black boxes" because we saw it in the Heather Elvis case too. In that case, if I remember it right, the perp knew about his truck having the capability so he somehow physically detached it from working and then re-attached it after committing the murder.
Anyway, I suspect lots of consumers dont realize their certain vehicles already have a "GPS type module" already installed because they dont have the full navigation screen or anything to do with it but yet the vehicle will have record of where its been and that is the type of information LE can access from the black box module if the vehicle came equipped with it.
I am sure most everyone has seen wire harnesses under the hood and a lot of times you see an end of a bunch of wires ending with an open plug and nothing plugged into it. That is usually because you didnt order an extra option that would plug into that spot. The manufacturer already installed all the other parts for that feature and just did not give you the "extras" that plug into it to give you the feature.
That is how I understand these GPS modules that know the trucks location but the vehicle doesnt have navigation screens or anything that looks like it has GPS.
All JMO and hope some of this helps.
Below is a pretty good article that shows different ways we can be tracked and not realize it.
Tracking Technology: Your Car Is Definitely Watching You – But That Might Not Be a Bad Thing - Insurance News | The Zebra