Bolded comments by me. Sorry, today you have to
read bottom to top. It was so long tried a diff editing method.
Susan Clairmont Tweets from Kitchener Courthouse October 4, 2016 https://twitter.com/susanclairmont
Dr. Fernandes is finished on the stand. Jury is done for the day. #Badgerow
Fernandes cannot refute that hypothetical.
she put her jeans on, not her underwear, that she was attacked on the way home by someone else who had sex with her but did not ejaculate.
That Diane Werendowicz had consensual sex with Robert Badgerow between midnight and 1 p.m.,
(I'm sure meant 1 am)
Silverstein puts forward "a hypothetical" to Dr. Fernandes:
Sexual assault can involve intercourse or no intercourse, Fernandes says.
Now seeing photo of her stained jeans.
Badgerow's semen is not found in Diane's underwear (which she was not wearing) but was found in crotch of her jeans (which she was wearing.)
"She has had sexual relations with Mr. Badgerow at some point and she has had injuries that resulted in her death," says doctor.
There are no severe injuries to the genitalia in this examination...The presence of semen is not evidence of rape, the jury hears.
No injuries to any of those four places.
Jury is back. Fernandes still under cross by Silverstein. Questions are about the most common places to find injuries from sexual assault.
Jury getting a break. #Badgerow
Nothing in report about tire leaving a mark on Diane's back. Fernandes says he would expect a mark.
Again seeing Diane's autopsy photos. Specifically, a blue mark on her thigh. Bruise or dye from blue jeans? #Werendowicz #Badgerow
Silverstein suggests it isn't in report because it's not relevant. Fernandes says he doesn't know why Foster didn't include it in report.
Abdominal scar just above Diane's pubic bone was old and irrelevant to her death, agrees Fernandes. Not mentioned in Foster's report.
Absence or presence of injury in the vagina "doesn't tell you a lot," says Silverstein in reference to consent.
Foster saw no injury in the vagina and no evidence of blood.
After body is examined carefully and exterior samples taken, body is washed to expose all injuries.
Collect debris from the body during autopsy. Debris found in Diane's mouth.
The defence is now cross-examining forensic pathologist Dr. John Fernandes on vaginal swabs. #Badgerow
"...but the zipper was undone." Diane was not wearing underwear. Her blouse was unbuttoned.
Removing the clothing is a careful process during an autopsy. "In this case the waist of the jeans was closed, with a button...
Today, many photos taken during post mortem. Not so in 98 .
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In 98 "there was no DNA analysis available," says Silverstein. DNA eventually done in this case, no DNA found from Diane's nail clippings.
Victims of violent crime often struggle when attacked and sometimes scratch their attacker, ending up with DNA under fingernails.
Pathologist begins exam by simply observing the body the way it has arrived. #hamont
Fernandes assumes Dr. Foster would have consulted with police about crime scene...Diane's body arrived at morgue clothed, unwashed, wrapped.
Today, if pathologists can't go to crime scene, they consult police photos of crime scene. In 98 , photos had to be developed first.
Not all sexually related homicides include sexual penetration? Doctor agrees.
...with possible sexual component. #Badgerow
Establishing that Foster had an excellent reputation as a forensic pathologist. He would have known it was a post mortem for a homicide...
Crown has finished his exam in chief. Silverstein asks to be excused for a moment before he begins his cross. So we're all waiting...
"We cannot reach a conclusion" as to whether a deceased person consented or not, the doctor says.
Fernandes agrees with Dr. Foster's cause of death..."Mr. Badgerow was the last sexual contact with Ms. Werendowicz," says Fernandes.
Official cause of death for Diane was strangulation and drowning. The autopsy report is a legal document.
Most common motive for ligature strangulation in females is rape, according to one forensic expert pointed to by Crown and Fernandes.
Female sexual assault victim strangulation can reflect impulsivity and availability of weapon.
In 40 to 45 per cent of strangulations there is a sexual component to the act, says Fernandes. #Badgerow
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...mutilation of sex organs that leads to death. Diane's death was not a "lust murder" the doctor says.
Jury recalled after brief legal arguments. Fox asks what "lust murder" is. Fernandes says there are "lethal genital injuries" or...
Jury is sent out. This is the first time this has happened since evidence began at this trial. #Badgerow
Rape does not necessarily mean there will be injury to sexual organs...Silverstein asks to address Justice Flynn in absence of jury.
Presence of genital injury does not mean there was no consent. And an absence of genital injury does not mean consent was offered.
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Sperm was recovered from her cervix, so that means vaginal penetration. Not always injuries with sexual assault.
Jury is back and Dr. Fernandes is still under exam-in-chief by Crown Fox at #Badgerow murder trial.
Jury is being sent for lunch now. Back at 2: 5 p.m. #Badgerow
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"She's got a little bit of alcohol on board and she's starting to clear it," says Fernandes. "She's had a few drinks." #Badgerow
If urine alcohol level is higher than blood alcohol level, they are eliminating the alcohol. Roughly even in this case.
This is "a small amount of alcohol" says Fernandes. "This is just above the legal limit.
Collected urine and blood from Diane for toxicology testing for drugs and alcohol. 7 mg of alcohol in her blood.
Doctor says Diane was not wearing her panties after sexual encounter with #Badgerow.
Fox says #Bagerow's sperm was found in Diane's vagina, crotch of her jeans and not on her panties.
If there was vaginal penetration, semen can drain to anal area. Sperm in vagina means ejaculation into the vagina.
Swab from Diane's anus contained #Badgerow's DNA. But that does not necessarily mean anal penetration.
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DNA science was not available in 98 . #Badgerow
Some men are "excreters" whose blood group can be determined from their semen. This was useful for forensic analysis before DNA science.
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Now the difference between semen and sperm. Semen contains sperm and fluids. Sperm contains DNA.
Fernandes is unsure if police transporting samples signed in 98 ...Some samples are folded into a piece of paper.
Samples are sent to Toronto's Centre of Forensic Science in sealed and labelled containers. Today, police sign for chain of custody.
During sex, pubic hair can be exchanged & DNA can be transferred. Pubic hair & head hair is plucked from victim for "rape kit" and autopsy.
...vaginal swab, vaginal washings, mouth swab, anal swab, blood, all collected.
Samples from dirt on Diane's body, debris from her mouth, fingernail scrapings, pubic hair..
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Under microscope, shows hemorrhage in neck and indicates she likely died rapidly, jury hears. Also debris found in her bronchi.
No injury of Diane's skull or scalp. No abnormality in her brain. #Badgerow
Crown Fox asks about "fraud or threat" as it relates to consent. Silverstein objects. Fernandes is a doctor, not a legal expert.
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"We can't usually make any commentary about consent," says Fernandes.
If genital injuries are so serious that they caused death, a person cannot consent to that, doctor says.
Human beings cannot consent to lethal injury in most circumstances, says Fernandes. He adds assisted suicide is an exception.
Minor superficial injuries in vagina cannot show if there was consent or not for sex, Fernandes says. #Badgerow
Pathologist uses a magnifying scope to see subtle injuries to the vagina not visible to naked eye. Alternative is to remove all of it.
Fernandes is a trained gynaecologist. Explaining how a vaginal exam is conducted.
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Now Dr. Fernandes is going over autopsy results for Diane's sex organs. This is important because #Badgerow is charged with rape.
Diane's heart was normal and heathy. #Badgerow
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Can sometimes see water in their stomach from swallowing during drowning.
"Dry drowning" means a person drowns so quickly that lungs have no water in them. "It takes seconds to minutes to drown."
"She was clearly alive when she went into the water," says Fernandes. #Werendowicz #Badgerow
Trachea (windpipe) has bits of gravel, all the way into lungs. "This is strong evidence the person was alive when they were in the water."
She may have bit her own tongue. Or stones and debris in water may have caused lacerations to her tongue.
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No disease found in Diane's chest...Lacerations on tongue that occurred "during the dying process."
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Voice box removed during dissection. Foreign material found above Diane's vocal cords, bruises on muscles. Indications of strangulation.
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Hemorrhage in Diane's neck goes through her whole muscle, report says.
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Sometimes get DNA from attacker if victim has fought back, says Fernandes. No significant findings under Diane's fingernails.
People "often try to remove the ligature" when strangled by ligature. Even happens in suicide when people change mind at last moment.
Fingernail scraping samples were taken from Diane. Fernandes says when homicide is suspected, samples typically taken from fingernails.
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Jury is back, Dr. Fernandes is still on the stand going over Diane Werendowicz's autopsy report. #Badgerow
Jury excused for a break. #Badgerow #hamont
Blunt force injuries, sharp force injuries or firearm injuries are the three categories. This is blunt force. He calls it "ligature mark."
Laceration is open bleeding wound.
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Difference between a mark, a bruise, an abrasion. Abrasion is sloughing off of skin cells. Bruise is bleeding into tissue.
Unconsciousness could take 10 to 15 seconds. Death takes 4 to 8 minutes. #Badgerow
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10 to 12 pounds of pressure to block arteries. To include airway takes 25 pounds of pressure.
More force can break bones in neck. Four pounds of pressure for 10-15 seconds to block veins.
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Fernandes says video tapes of hangings help doctors understand this. Blocks veins from supplying blood to head and heart. Blocks airway.
Fox: How long does one have to be strangled before resistance is lessened?
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Jury seems stoic looking at these autopsy photos. There are also students in the courtroom for this. #Badgerow
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Darker side of the mark across her neck is likely where the purse strap was twisted tightly. Fainter side is where her hair was caught.
Now photos of Diane's neck at autopsy. Mark across front of her neck is very obvious. Being shown on giant screen above #Badgerow's head.
A detailed description of that mark is in report. "Faint purplish discolouration." Also mark on back of neck at base of skull.
Red mark or abrasion on front of Diane's neck near collar bone and passes across Adam's apple.
Seeing photo of Diane's legs at autopsy. Doctor says the indentations are ly from branches in the creek. #Badgerow
Indentation marks on front of Diane's legs. "A compression point." When lying face down in creek, something pressing against her legs.
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Dirt, leaf material and small stones found in Diane's mouth. Seeing photo of Diane's mouth being opened during autopsy. Bruise on her lip.
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Fernandes talking about what order he removes organs from a body to allow blood to drain from the neck.
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Doctor says when he sees pinpoint hemorrhages, it could be an indication of strangulation and he should dissect neck very carefully.
Fernandes is describing pinpoint hemorrhage in eyes. "They reflect an increased pressure in the veins."
As I have said many times before, being a juror is a tough job. Seeing photos this is not easy. #Badgerow
Now a different autopsy photo of Diane's face. Faint purple mark on left cheek and left upper eyelid and lower eyelid.
Now seeing a photo of Diane's face during autopsy. Her left beye is being examined. There is a hemorrhage on white of eye.
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Above Diane's right eyebrow was small abrasion. Whites of eyes "congested."
Report says strap of her purse was twisted tightly around her neck. Fernandes saw that in photos.
Died within 24 hours of being found. She was found shortly after 7 p.m. June 20, 98 , jury hears.
She did not have advanced decomposition. He knows that because when decomposition happens, rigor disappears.
...and position her body was kept in at the morgue. #Badgerow
Livor is the pooling of the blood in the body by gravity. She had both front and back livor because of position she was found in...
Her body was "refrigerated" in the cold creek water. Fernandes says she was likely dead for a few hours before she was found.
Diane, 23, blonde, eyes hazel. Pupils round and equal. Natural teeth. "Riga mortis strong." That is the stiffening of the body after death.
In Ontario, body temperature is not used in determining time of death because it is not very accurate, says Fernandes.
Diane was 5 foot nine, 132 pounds. #Badgerow
In 98 , film was used. Wasn't until photos were developed that death investigator would know if image was captured properly. #Badgerow
Now when autopsy done, photos taken of everything so someone else taking up file could review it independently. Wasn't that in 98 .
Fox takes Fernandes through autopsy report. Started at 9:30 a.m. Identified by "toe tag." Police officers and morgue attendants present.
Fox passing to jurors a photo of a scar and a bruise on Diane's body. Rest of the court is not seeing the photo.
Jury is not being shown that photo...Also scar on her thigh, court hears.
Fox asks if doctor saw a description of a scar. Fernandes says he did not. Now looking at a photo that shows a surgical scar not in report.
"I think that you can confidently know major findings were not found" in the undocumented areas, the doctor says.
Fernandes says that is likely because there were no injuries there, but he can't know that for sure. #Badgerow
"There are valuable components of this autopsy," says Fernandes. But also "deficiencies" such as no description of Diane's back.
"The level of documentation has changed considerably," says Fernandes, who never knew Foster.
Dr. Foster, original forensic pathologist, has died. So Fernandes has been asked to review the case.
Autopsy report for Dianna Louisa Werendowicz being shown on screens. #Badgerow
Fernandes says "She died of a combination of ligature strangulation and drowning." #Werendowicz #Badgerow #hamont
Fox: "We're not going to show dissections of various parts of the body." The doctor, however, has looked at those photos.
June 2 , 98 , Dr. Foster did the autopsy. Fernandes has reviewed the original autopsy report and photos taken at the time. #Badgerow
Again a photo of Diane's body after it has been brought out of creek. Lying on a tarp. #Badgerow
Seeing photo of her shoes and panties on ground not far from her body. #Badgerow
Court is once again seeing police photo of Diane's body in the creek, a tire on top of her upper body. #Badgerow
Fernandes was not the original forensic pathologist on the Diane Werendowicz murder case. #Badgerow
Defence does not oppose. Justice Patrick Flynn grants the doctor expert status.
Crown Michael Fox is asking that Fernandes be qualified as an expert in the field of forensic pathology and gynaecology.
Fernandes does 250 to 300 autopsies per year, the jury hears. #Badgerow
Fernandes has lectured on sexual assault, drowning and handling of evidence -- all issues at play in this trial. #Badgerow #hamont
I left out a letter. It's Fernandes. added,
Forensic pathologist Dr. John Fernades is taking the stand at the Robert #Badgerow murder trial. #hamont
We're still going through the doctor's CV. I said -- impressive.
Fernandes is medical director of the pathology unit at Hamilton Health Sciences. Also chief of laboratory medicine. #Badgerow #hamont
I think I have Dr. Fernandes' very impressive CV memorized. I have seen him testify at countless murder trials. #hamont
Forensic pathologist Dr. John Fernades is taking the stand at the Robert #Badgerow murder trial. #hamont