Interesting case from Kansas:
http://www.thaddeuspope.com/images/Brett_Shively_brief.pdf
Courts have held that, while it is for the law - rather than medicine - to define the
"standard" of death ( i.e., what constitutes death), it is for the medical profession to
determine the applicable criteria and accepted medical standards for deciding when a
particular patient has actually died.
Although the legal standard as to what constitutes death is determined by
the courts or legislation, it is the role of the medical profession to decide
whether brain death or other cessation of cardiopulmonary function is
present in accordance with current medical standards; judicial
intervention should be limited to a review of the procedures followed
and a determination that the findings are consistent with the
established medical criteria. Thus, a regulation which allows
physicians, rather than family members, to determine when death has
occurred does not violate due process.
22A Am.Jur.2d Death § 424 (emphasis added); see also, Petition of Jones, 433 N.Y.S.2d
984, 986 (N.Y.Sup.Ct.1980) ("Basically, when a patient is dead is a medical matter
which should be left to the expertise of the medical profession. Judicial intervention
should be limited to review of the procedures followed and a determination that the
findings are consistent with the established medical criteria"); In re Welfare of Bowman,
617 P.2d 731,734 & 738 (Wash.1980) (Ruling that "the law has adopted standards of
death but has turned to physicians for the criteria by which a particular standard is met"
and, "We do not address what are acceptable diagnostic tests and medical procedures for
determining when brain death has occurred. It is left to the medical profession to define
the acceptable practices, taking into account new knowledge of brain function and new
diagnostic procedures"); Glazier, 9-SUM Kan.J.L. & Pub.Pol'y at 641-42 ("Defining
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death is, by all accounts, multi-disciplinary... Diagnosing death is, in the United States,
within the purview of the medical profession."). As one court has put it:
Although the courts have refused to establish specific criteria for a
diagnosis of brain death due to the changing nature of new technologies
which could render any such criteria outdated, they have required that a
diagnosis of brain death be made in accordance with the "usual and
customary standards of medical practice."... How can a lay person,
whether judge or juror, be expected to reach a cogent and reliable
conclusion from technically complex symptoms such as these without the
assistance of an expert's knowledge of the brain's function and pathology?
Clearly, more than common knowledge and experience is necessary to
form a correct judgment on the question of brain death.
Estate of Sewart, 602 N.E.2d 1277, 1286-87 (Ill.App.1991) (emphasis added) (holding
that expert medical opinion is necessary to a determination of brain death).