Hi Doctor I see you. Just after a quick opinion of how adrenal activity affects vitals and how this may translate to postmortem assessment
Morning Possum - just saw your question. Was out last night.
Adrenal activity would mainly centre around the secretion of adrenaline, with some noradrenaline as well. I'm sure if GBC was guilty, then
his adrenals would have been working overtime.
However, although I'm not an endocrinologist, I don't think there is any lasting effect of adrenaline.
If Allison was murdered relatively slowly, such as by strangulation or suffocation, or a screaming fight before a fatal blow, her adrenals would have been in full "fight-or-flight" mode, with massive adrenaline release, but adrenaline is a very rapid-acting and short-acting hormone. However, as death ensues, I don't think the adrenaline hangs around - some increase may be detectable in the levels, but nowhere near what was actually secreted.. And I'm not aware of any post-mortem changes to the physical structure of organs that would be detectable either. One of the effects of adrenaline is vasoconstriction - the blood vessels (mainly on the arterial side of the circulation) constrict, which in turn puts the blood pressure up (by increasing peripheral resistance to flow.)
However, as death ensues, everything relaxes, including the blood vessels, and vasodilatation occurs - which is the reason the blood can then pool at the body's lowest point relative to gravity. This causes the discolouration seen on the body, known as post mortem lividity, or livor mortis.
So I wouldn't think that any structural effects of the adrenaline surge would be visible in the tissues post mortem.
As for adrenaline levels in the blood and other fluids - they can be measured, but apart from certain causes of death (eg hypothermia which tends to preserve the status quo of physiology), I'm not aware of any significant correlation that would indicate the CAUSE of death. Adrenaline and noradrenaline levels can be measure in the blood, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and in the vitreous compartment of the eye.
Of course, the adrenaline levels would be higher in violent death situations, especially those in which the victim is aware of the impending death - eg strangulation, suffocation, etc. In sudden violent death by surprise - eg the gunshot to the back of the head - adrenaline levels wouldn't necessarily be raised. Likewise, if the victim had been drugged, or heavily sedated, then death may occur relatively peacefully with little or no adrenaline release.