LOL. I think if you remove the battery, the phone is dead, and that is the only way to be sure it is not tracked.
You also are not required to have the GPS locator turned on unless you want it.
Also, some IP addresses are not unique. There are static IP addresses and there are rotating IP addresses. It depends.
GPS in cell phones if the phone has one (almost all of them do) can not be turned off. It is a passive receiver as that is how GPS works. GPS location data is sent to the towers and on to the phone network companies. You can prevent Apps from accessing your location but you can't prevent your phone from sending your location to the phone companies. This location information is critical to 911 calls from cell phones and also so the phone company can know that your phone is in motion such as when you are driving. Otherwise the phone companies would not be able to switch your call, for example, - without dropping it - to the next tower as you are moving. Or the phone company wouldn't be able to route a call to your phone (someone calling you) if the phone company didn't know where your phone is, and thus what tower to route through, to make that happen.
It isn't magic how that happens. The phone company needs to know where the phone is and that is why phone companies have that location information in the first place. It is your phone that knows and determines its location and sends that to the towers. There is a process to do it in reverse where the phone company can attempt to ping a phone but that is only done to assist law enforcement, or 911 centers, to try to locate a phone but this is the exception not how phone location data comes about.
IP addresses are ephemeral and rather useless. MAC addresses are globally unique and each phone has one. However, those can be spoofed.
What is used to track phones down, on the other hand, are two other identifiers called the IMEI and IMSI. The IMEI is the globally unique identifier of the handset itself and the IMSI is the globally unique identifier of the Sim Card. With this information the phone company is aware if you swap Sim Cards, for example. Such identifiers are passed, along with the phones location, when the cell phone pings a tower which happens about once a minute or so.
Also, IMEI and IMSI are used to authenticate a phone to the cellular network. Your phone can't function without that authentication and that authentication happens automatically and is not subject to user control - that is, you can't turn it off or stop it in any way. Every time you switch to another tower the authentication happens. It also happens periodically even when you don't switch towers because towers drop idle phones when adjusting for capacity.