• #201
I've seen that be said a plenty of times, and I understand why people may feel that way, but I personally don't think Kevin was gay at all. Obviously the attitudes were much different at times, and Croydon was quite a dangerous area, and it has been pointed out a lot of cruising went on in parks and nearby areas, but I don't think Kevin was involved in any of that. There's just no proof, and there never has been, or even anything to remotely suggest it.

It has been said Kevin was groomed, but it was just recently confirmed to me that the speakers were a gift from Kevin's parents. Although multiple things have been stated over the years, and I've seen multiple explanations, such as he bought them himself with his savings, someone bought them for him or gave him money as part of some grooming he was a victim of. (Which could be down to incorrect reporting, or misremembering)

As you said about the ruse of Kevin nipping out to perform sexual favours for money under the guise of buying eggs is, with no disrespect intended, a bit ridiculous. He was 16 years old, essentially still a child and he's often painted as both secretly gay and engaging in secret meetings for gay sex, and now as performing these sex acts for money. None of this has any evidence to support it, not at all, it's borderline victim blaming. Taking a missing child and jumping through a few hoops to paint him as a secret sex worker, it's also very disrespectful to both the victim and his remaining family.

As I've stated before, if he had told his family he'd be gone 5 minutes to buy some eggs, as he intended, presumably he would have had to have only been gone 5 minutes and come home with eggs. If he went out to do anything else, he would still have had to have been home within 5 minutes and come home with the box of eggs. Obviously something horrific must have happened to him along the way.
The problem with trying to say Kevin couldn't have been having sex because he was 16 I don't think is remotely realistic.

A) Plenty of 16 year olds over the years have done exactly that, and it certainly was not unusual whatsoever back then. The idea that many 16 year olds didn't / don't have sex is not remotely realistic. The age of sexual consent in the UK is 16. We know kids of 16 and below are often getting into trouble for sending each other sexualised pics, and sadly rape and sexual abuse committed by under 16s is not unusual. Underage pregnancies really spiked in the 1970s and 1980s, and the term 'gymslip mother' to describe them was widely used.

Indeed, teenage pregnancies were so common in the 1980s that they became part of the culture, and characters like Michelle Fowler in the likes of Eastenders were depicted as 16 year old mothers (with the father being the much, much older Den Watts), and groups like The Specials wrote hit pop songs about teenage pregnancies like 'Too Much Too Young', which got to #1 in the charts.


This article below from 2008 talks about how the number of pregnancies in 15-18 year olds in the UK were the 'worst in Europe'


Indeed, as of 2025, teenage pregnancies are up again, including in girls aged 16.


There was an early 1980s documentary from the 'Arena' series on BBC iPlayer recently where the author Andrea Dunbar was interviewed. She herself had a baby at the age of 15. She was asked why so many underage girls got pregnant back then and she said 'because there was nothing else to do', which again gives an insight to that era. There really was absolutely nothing to do a lot of the time, and people ended up getting into trouble out of sheer boredom. If you didn't live through that era, it's impossible to comprehend.

I think we can therefore categorically say that it is not true whatsoever to say that 16 year olds do not have sex.

B) Who confirmed to you that the speakers were given to him by his parents? Because it's never been reported as such.

The bottom line is that we don't know for sure what Kevin was up to that night. We do however know that sex is often an issue in the disappearance of teenagers. The police have also said that they believed Kevin's trip out to the shops was a ruse. They would not have said that for no reason, and they have significantly more information that we do. We therefore need to explain why Kevin may have done that and, whether we like it or not, sex is a very real possibility.
 
  • #202
The problem with trying to say Kevin couldn't have been having sex because he was 16 I don't think is remotely realistic.

A) Plenty of 16 year olds over the years have done exactly that, and it certainly was not unusual whatsoever back then. The idea that many 16 year olds didn't / don't have sex is not remotely realistic. The age of sexual consent in the UK is 16. We know kids of 16 and below are often getting into trouble for sending each other sexualised pics, and sadly rape and sexual abuse committed by under 16s is not unusual. Underage pregnancies really spiked in the 1970s and 1980s, and the term 'gymslip mother' to describe them was widely used.

Indeed, teenage pregnancies were so common in the 1980s that they became part of the culture, and characters like Michelle Fowler in the likes of Eastenders were depicted as 16 year old mothers (with the father being the much, much older Den Watts), and groups like The Specials wrote hit pop songs about teenage pregnancies like 'Too Much Too Young', which got to #1 in the charts.


This article below from 2008 talks about how the number of pregnancies in 15-18 year olds in the UK were the 'worst in Europe'


Indeed, as of 2025, teenage pregnancies are up again, including in girls aged 16.


There was an early 1980s documentary from the 'Arena' series on BBC iPlayer recently where the author Andrea Dunbar was interviewed. She herself had a baby at the age of 15. She was asked why so many underage girls got pregnant back then and she said 'because there was nothing else to do', which again gives an insight to that era. There really was absolutely nothing to do a lot of the time, and people ended up getting into trouble out of sheer boredom. If you didn't live through that era, it's impossible to comprehend.

I think we can therefore categorically say that it is not true whatsoever to say that 16 year olds do not have sex.

B) Who confirmed to you that the speakers were given to him by his parents? Because it's never been reported as such.

The bottom line is that we don't know for sure what Kevin was up to that night. We do however know that sex is often an issue in the disappearance of teenagers. The police have also said that they believed Kevin's trip out to the shops was a ruse. They would not have said that for no reason, and they have significantly more information that we do. We therefore need to explain why Kevin may have done that and, whether we like it or not, sex is a very real possibility.

I don't want to sound too blunt here, as i think continued discussion of possibilities in Kevin's case is a good thing. But I'm not trying to say he couldn't have been, in some way either somewhat or fully sexually active.

What I disagree with, as I said before is the suggestion that he must've been a sex worker, or engaging in secretive meetings for gay sex. It's pure speculation, and usally someones opinion, and very disrespectful to both the victim and his family. I've never seen the same opinions come up regarding Lee Boxell, or Mark Garvey, or Reece Collins.

The problem i have with the police believing visiting the shop to buy eggs was jusy a ruse is that they don't know anything about what happened to Kevin, not really. I know it's been said that they must know more than they're letting on. But honestly, nothing new has been said since the night he went missing.

I agree it's a possibility sex was involved, but people treating it like it's a likelihood, and it must've been something Kevin was seeking, is what gets to me.

For what it's worth, I believe whatever happened to Kevin was sexually motivated, but only on the side of whoever was responsible, children don't really go missing for any other reason.
 
  • #203
I've seen that be said a plenty of times, and I understand why people may feel that way, but I personally don't think Kevin was gay at all. Obviously the attitudes were much different at times, and Croydon was quite a dangerous area, and it has been pointed out a lot of cruising went on in parks and nearby areas, but I don't think Kevin was involved in any of that. There's just no proof, and there never has been, or even anything to remotely suggest it.

It has been said Kevin was groomed, but it was just recently confirmed to me that the speakers were a gift from Kevin's parents. Although multiple things have been stated over the years, and I've seen multiple explanations, such as he bought them himself with his savings, someone bought them for him or gave him money as part of some grooming he was a victim of. (Which could be down to incorrect reporting, or misremembering)

As you said about the ruse of Kevin nipping out to perform sexual favours for money under the guise of buying eggs is, with no disrespect intended, a bit ridiculous. He was 16 years old, essentially still a child and he's often painted as both secretly gay and engaging in secret meetings for gay sex, and now as performing these sex acts for money. None of this has any evidence to support it, not at all, it's borderline victim blaming. Taking a missing child and jumping through a few hoops to paint him as a secret sex worker, it's also very disrespectful to both the victim and his remaining family.

As I've stated before, if he had told his family he'd be gone 5 minutes to buy some eggs, as he intended, presumably he would have had to have only been gone 5 minutes and come home with eggs. If he went out to do anything else, he would still have had to have been home within 5 minutes and come home with the box of eggs. Obviously something horrific must have happened to him along the way.
As I tried to labour in my post as much as possible, this was just my opinion, based on things and people I know. No-one is victim blaming. It's just an avenue of possibility. As I've previously mentioned I know personally of 2 people who were living fairly normal lives as young men, but were happily taking money from other men for sexual cats in toilets in the West End of London in the 1980's. Now Kevin may not have been doing it for cash, but he may (or may not) have been engaged in homosexual activity - but again this is just my opinion. It was a different time - in an area like Croydon as well you daren't have revealed your true sexuality. But again this is just my opinion.

Because you see the reason for me coming to this possibility is because the big problem with all of this is that a 16 year old vanished off a street in a pretty residential area, and at a reasonable time in the evening. No shouts, no screams, no fighting back. It's said that Kevin could throw a punch (quote by his sister IIRC) so I can't believe anyone who had abducted him could've done so in such a quiet and unnoticed manner. Let's just say that someone pointed a gun at his head and took him off somewhere - the question then is why? Children have been snatched off the streets (you only have to look at the horrific cases from the 'Dirty Dozen' gang) but a 16 year old? That seems a bit far-fetched.

So my line of thought is that he was lured somewhere - but again how? This isn't 'Do you want some sweets?' territory. The only things I can think of is a sexual liaison , of which homosexuality seems most logical - although not the only option, or drugs. The reason I rule drugs out of the whole case is that it's usually more noticeable - mood swings, lack of money and paraphernalia. Yet none of these were reported.

As for having to be back in 5 minutes, he didn't have to be back in 5 minutes - 5 minutes is a general term. He could have used any excuse to come back later - saw a friend, had a walk, shop didn't have eggs so he went to another shop etc. He didn't even need to come back with eggs if he said the shop didn't have any. And has it been confirmed that he did need the eggs at school the next day?

Also where did you hear about the speakers? I've not heard that explanation before.
 
  • #204
As I tried to labour in my post as much as possible, this was just my opinion, based on things and people I know. No-one is victim blaming. It's just an avenue of possibility. As I've previously mentioned I know personally of 2 people who were living fairly normal lives as young men, but were happily taking money from other men for sexual cats in toilets in the West End of London in the 1980's. Now Kevin may not have been doing it for cash, but he may (or may not) have been engaged in homosexual activity - but again this is just my opinion. It was a different time - in an area like Croydon as well you daren't have revealed your true sexuality. But again this is just my opinion.

Because you see the reason for me coming to this possibility is because the big problem with all of this is that a 16 year old vanished off a street in a pretty residential area, and at a reasonable time in the evening. No shouts, no screams, no fighting back. It's said that Kevin could throw a punch (quote by his sister IIRC) so I can't believe anyone who had abducted him could've done so in such a quiet and unnoticed manner. Let's just say that someone pointed a gun at his head and took him off somewhere - the question then is why? Children have been snatched off the streets (you only have to look at the horrific cases from the 'Dirty Dozen' gang) but a 16 year old? That seems a bit far-fetched.

So my line of thought is that he was lured somewhere - but again how? This isn't 'Do you want some sweets?' territory. The only things I can think of is a sexual liaison , of which homosexuality seems most logical - although not the only option, or drugs. The reason I rule drugs out of the whole case is that it's usually more noticeable - mood swings, lack of money and paraphernalia. Yet none of these were reported.

As for having to be back in 5 minutes, he didn't have to be back in 5 minutes - 5 minutes is a general term. He could have used any excuse to come back later - saw a friend, had a walk, shop didn't have eggs so he went to another shop etc. He didn't even need to come back with eggs if he said the shop didn't have any. And has it been confirmed that he did need the eggs at school the next day?

Also where did you hear about the speakers? I've not heard that explanation before.

Of course I understand that, and I apologise if I came off as rude or blunt in my previous message. I should clarify that I don't rule out your opinion as a possibility, I just don't share the same opinion. Also I completely take in what you're saying about it being a different time and that a lot of unpleasant things were going on the area, I've read a bit about the Dirty Dozen gang, but tbh it's not pleasant reading at all, so I haven't gone too far into it.

I agree this isn't man in a black van "do you want to see some puppies" territory either. This makes me think of the reddit post about Reece Collins, and like you, I can only think Kevin was offered a lift somewhere or coerced somewhere, was it you who suggested someone could've approached him with "can you help me find my lost dog?", then again I don't think Kevin would've gone into a car with a stranger, he seemed bright. I wonder if the police went door to door on Kevin's street and checked up on who was living there, surely they must have.

My thinking with the "back in 5 minutes" thing is that if he'd said that and was gone ages he surely would've got the "Where've you been? You've been gone ages, I've been worried about you?" reaction from his parents, which would've brought attention to the fact it was a ruse. Just doesn't make sense to me. I've never seen it confirmed he needed eggs, I've even read somewhere that it was Eggs, Bananas and Chocolate, because he was also going to make a snack for his sister. I really can't believe it wasn't verified if he needed eggs, because surely if the police checked, they'd have released that information.

Lastly, sorry for not getting back to you about it but it was a page that I believe is ran by Alex herself that confirmed the speakers were a gift. I'd not heard that one either, until now.
 
  • #205
Now, if my child received such a gift l would have asked questions. Are we more aware of grooming now? Was Kevin really private? Was he not close to his parents?
 
  • Like
Reactions: THX
  • #206
Now, if my child received such a gift l would have asked questions. Are we more aware of grooming now? Was Kevin really private? Was he not close to his parents?

I would've thought it wouldn't have gone unnoticed if he had been gifted them. It's been said before they were somewhat hidden in his room. But, as with many details in this case, it remains unclear how true that is.

Kevin has been described as a quiet boy who rarely went out, so I suppose he mag have been somewhat introverted. The day before he went missing, I believe he spent the afternoon ice skating with his friend, and spent the morning of his disappearance with his dog in a park (Ashburton Park, I think).

From what I've read, Kevin was close with his parents and family, especially close with his sister, Alex.
 
  • #207
Of course I understand that, and I apologise if I came off as rude or blunt in my previous message. I should clarify that I don't rule out your opinion as a possibility, I just don't share the same opinion. Also I completely take in what you're saying about it being a different time and that a lot of unpleasant things were going on the area, I've read a bit about the Dirty Dozen gang, but tbh it's not pleasant reading at all, so I haven't gone too far into it.

I agree this isn't man in a black van "do you want to see some puppies" territory either. This makes me think of the reddit post about Reece Collins, and like you, I can only think Kevin was offered a lift somewhere or coerced somewhere, was it you who suggested someone could've approached him with "can you help me find my lost dog?", then again I don't think Kevin would've gone into a car with a stranger, he seemed bright. I wonder if the police went door to door on Kevin's street and checked up on who was living there, surely they must have.

My thinking with the "back in 5 minutes" thing is that if he'd said that and was gone ages he surely would've got the "Where've you been? You've been gone ages, I've been worried about you?" reaction from his parents, which would've brought attention to the fact it was a ruse. Just doesn't make sense to me. I've never seen it confirmed he needed eggs, I've even read somewhere that it was Eggs, Bananas and Chocolate, because he was also going to make a snack for his sister. I really can't believe it wasn't verified if he needed eggs, because surely if the police checked, they'd have released that information.

Lastly, sorry for not getting back to you about it but it was a page that I believe is ran by Alex herself that confirmed the speakers were a gift. I'd not heard that one either, until now.
No problem - and I hope I didn't seem rude in my reply either. Absolutely - and it's good we all have our own opinions as by putting them all together that can often, and hopefully, be the way to get an answer.
This case does hit a few stumbling blocks along the way - just when you think you may have an answer, the facts don't always add up.

Although I've expressed my opinion, it doesn't mean I'm 100% un-swayed on it. I do think your idea of coercion does sit well. I'm agreement this wasn't the usual 'sweets from a stranger' type deal, and although the idea of Kevin blindly going along with someone, it could be a couple of things. JMO - but what if the perp fooled Kevin somehow - a medical emergency? "You have to come with me, my wife's fallen" type thing. Bear in mind that not everyone had phones back then so it wouldn't be too far fetched for someone to do that. In the heat and panic of the moment Kevin could have made a rash decision.
The other thing - could someone have posed as a policeman? Certainly this approach has happened before, and with Kevin being an innocent and obviously quite respectful youngster, the threat of some police action may have spooked him - a "Let's go down the station or I'll go to your parents instead". Certainly him being out quite late at night could've been a reason for someone to approach him and pretend to be the police.

Or lastly was it someone he knew? He was out and about in the area enough - with his dog, friends, working. Was there someone who he had encountered before, someone who he had built up a passing recognition, or even friendship, with? Could this person have lured him somewhere? (and not necessarily because of a sexual reason).

I do think you're onto something about the police checking who lived nearby. I'm sure I've read that the area did / or has the highest number of S.O's living there on bail etc. Back then though often checks weren't as stringent as today, so these offenders could move about fairly freely.
 
  • #209
Hey Everyone.
Please remember Reddit is not a source.
 
  • #210
I don't want to sound too blunt here, as i think continued discussion of possibilities in Kevin's case is a good thing. But I'm not trying to say he couldn't have been, in some way either somewhat or fully sexually active.

What I disagree with, as I said before is the suggestion that he must've been a sex worker, or engaging in secretive meetings for gay sex. It's pure speculation, and usally someones opinion, and very disrespectful to both the victim and his family. I've never seen the same opinions come up regarding Lee Boxell, or Mark Garvey, or Reece Collins.

The problem i have with the police believing visiting the shop to buy eggs was jusy a ruse is that they don't know anything about what happened to Kevin, not really. I know it's been said that they must know more than they're letting on. But honestly, nothing new has been said since the night he went missing.

I agree it's a possibility sex was involved, but people treating it like it's a likelihood, and it must've been something Kevin was seeking, is what gets to me.

For what it's worth, I believe whatever happened to Kevin was sexually motivated, but only on the side of whoever was responsible, children don't really go missing for any other reason.
It's so hard these days to convey how society was back then. There was a real twilight world that was relatively widespread, especially in the big cities. Parts of London really were quite sleazy under the surface. It's still there but not anywhere quite so visible. And if you were gay, everything really was pushed into that twilight world.

I think we have to look at the nature of grooming too - it almost by definition involves money and other gifts being given. I think the Police probably confirmed it when they said the speakers he had were the result of grooming.

I think society as a whole still doesn't have a fully formed idea about what the difference in some cases may or may not be between getting into sex work and grooming, and how we should view it and deal with it. About sex work, there's was an interesting study from c. 2013 in Newcastle upon Tyne in the link below, looking at young males who'd got into some form of sex work or another :


One of the main reasons the lads they interviewed cited for getting into sex work was using it as a way to 'explore their sexuality' - being very hormonal teenagers and not being able to find a sexual partner in their immediate environment, so they would wander in to places that they'd heard rumours about where men were cruising for sex, and then encounter people who were willing to pay for it. So it almost happened by accident.
 
Last edited:
  • #211
Of course I understand that, and I apologise if I came off as rude or blunt in my previous message. I should clarify that I don't rule out your opinion as a possibility, I just don't share the same opinion. Also I completely take in what you're saying about it being a different time and that a lot of unpleasant things were going on the area, I've read a bit about the Dirty Dozen gang, but tbh it's not pleasant reading at all, so I haven't gone too far into it.

I agree this isn't man in a black van "do you want to see some puppies" territory either. This makes me think of the reddit post about Reece Collins, and like you, I can only think Kevin was offered a lift somewhere or coerced somewhere, was it you who suggested someone could've approached him with "can you help me find my lost dog?", then again I don't think Kevin would've gone into a car with a stranger, he seemed bright. I wonder if the police went door to door on Kevin's street and checked up on who was living there, surely they must have.

My thinking with the "back in 5 minutes" thing is that if he'd said that and was gone ages he surely would've got the "Where've you been? You've been gone ages, I've been worried about you?" reaction from his parents, which would've brought attention to the fact it was a ruse. Just doesn't make sense to me. I've never seen it confirmed he needed eggs, I've even read somewhere that it was Eggs, Bananas and Chocolate, because he was also going to make a snack for his sister. I really can't believe it wasn't verified if he needed eggs, because surely if the police checked, they'd have released that information.

Lastly, sorry for not getting back to you about it but it was a page that I believe is ran by Alex herself that confirmed the speakers were a gift. I'd not heard that one either, until now.
Kevin being spotted a couple of hours later really is the odd thing that needs to be explained, because we really need to know where he had been in the meantime, and how and where exactly he subsequently disappeared.

The fact that he was so close to home points perhaps more towards the possibilities that someone got him into a car on the road ahead, or that he entered Ashburton Park and something happened in there.

Regarding him being out late, one of the newspaper articles of the time hinted that it may not necessarily have been overly unusual for him. His mother didn't start to get worried until he'd been away for some time and said 'I expect he's bumped into a friend and is just chatting'. His sister complained to their mother saying it was a double standard, and she'd get into trouble if she was out so late. Kevin also had his own key to the door which also maybe pointed to the fact that he did come and go a bit.
 
  • #212
Regarding him being out late, one of the newspaper articles of the time hinted that it may not necessarily have been overly unusual for him. His mother didn't start to get worried until he'd been away for some time and said 'I expect he's bumped into a friend and is just chatting'. His sister complained to their mother saying it was a double standard, and she'd get into trouble if she was out so late. Kevin also had his own key to the door which also maybe pointed to the fact that he did come and go a bibt.
Snipped by me. This is a value bit of info that l didnt realise before. I always thought it odd he just popped out and was never seen again. That's the kind of thing that happens to younger children going to the corner shop.

But if he often went out for hours and would get chatting..heknew a wide circle of people...he was sociable...his parents didn't really know what he was up to..that gives us valuable insight.
 
  • Like
Reactions: THX
  • #213
As I tried to labour in my post as much as possible, this was just my opinion, based on things and people I know. No-one is victim blaming. It's just an avenue of possibility. As I've previously mentioned I know personally of 2 people who were living fairly normal lives as young men, but were happily taking money from other men for sexual cats in toilets in the West End of London in the 1980's. Now Kevin may not have been doing it for cash, but he may (or may not) have been engaged in homosexual activity - but again this is just my opinion. It was a different time - in an area like Croydon as well you daren't have revealed your true sexuality. But again this is just my opinion.

Because you see the reason for me coming to this possibility is because the big problem with all of this is that a 16 year old vanished off a street in a pretty residential area, and at a reasonable time in the evening. No shouts, no screams, no fighting back. It's said that Kevin could throw a punch (quote by his sister IIRC) so I can't believe anyone who had abducted him could've done so in such a quiet and unnoticed manner. Let's just say that someone pointed a gun at his head and took him off somewhere - the question then is why? Children have been snatched off the streets (you only have to look at the horrific cases from the 'Dirty Dozen' gang) but a 16 year old? That seems a bit far-fetched.

So my line of thought is that he was lured somewhere - but again how? This isn't 'Do you want some sweets?' territory. The only things I can think of is a sexual liaison , of which homosexuality seems most logical - although not the only option, or drugs. The reason I rule drugs out of the whole case is that it's usually more noticeable - mood swings, lack of money and paraphernalia. Yet none of these were reported.

As for having to be back in 5 minutes, he didn't have to be back in 5 minutes - 5 minutes is a general term. He could have used any excuse to come back later - saw a friend, had a walk, shop didn't have eggs so he went to another shop etc. He didn't even need to come back with eggs if he said the shop didn't have any. And has it been confirmed that he did need the eggs at school the next day?

Also where did you hear about the speakers? I've not heard that explanation before.
I think very much along the same lines, and it seems the Police do too, saying that they believe he went out as a 'ruse' to meet someone. They must know something we don't for them to have said that so confidently.
I can't remember if I told you specifically, but one of my friends grew up in the Thornton Heath area of Croydon and is a couple of years younger than Kevin. He told me a number of a number of experiences he had growing up there:

* When he was 15 he had a Saturday job in a shoe shop in Croydon. A man came in and basically chatted him up. My friend is gay and said he felt so lonely and isolated in Croydon and he thought this man was his big chance to find love and happiness. My friend is also exceptionally handsome, and was a very cute kid. The man arranged to take him to a pub that night (not an unusual thing for a 15 year old to be in a pub in those days) and (oddly) took some photos of him. He then asked my friend if he wanted to go away with him somewhere the following weekend. My friend got very excited about it and lied and told his family he would be staying at a friend's house. That weekend, the man did not show up, and my friend said he was heartbroken and thought he'd done something wrong. With hindsight, he wonders if the photos that were taken were to 'shop him around' but that nobody had taken up the offer. He said he saw the man once more some time later, but the man blanked him.

* My friend also said that when he was 11, he was molested by a man in Croydon swimming baths. He didn't report it because, again, he felt so lonely and isolated as a gay kid that he said he felt 'relieved' to know that at least one man was sexually attracted to him. Very, very sad and all too typical of those days.

*He also talked about how gangs of dodgy men used to hand round the local parks and bother the kids. He said the park keeper was forever having to kick them out. That definitely was going on - there's a newspaper article from 1999 talking about how a man who lived right next to Ashburton Park (right beside where Kevin lived) had been loitering in the parks and molesting teenage boys. He was arrested after he took a 14 year old boy back to his home and sexually abused him. The boy subsequently reported it to the Police. Was something similar happening to Kevin?

I also don't know if you have listened to Mark Williams Thomas's podcast about the Lee Boxell case. There's a bit in there where a man from the local area talks about how when he was 14, he also had a Saturday job in a shop in the area, and was groomed by a man who worked in a shop across the road, who subsequently sexually abused him and took him to various places like Brighton, before effectively dumping him because he was 'too old'. He then saw him again a while later when he was 17 and recounted a very dodgy episode that left him in fear of his life.

The man tells his story at about the 30:00 mark of episode 2 in the link below:


for what it's worth, if I were a betting man, I'd guess that something similar had happened to Kevin and something had gone very wrong, possibly by accident.
 
  • #214
Snipped by me. This is a value bit of info that l didnt realise before. I always thought it odd he just popped out and was never seen again. That's the kind of thing that happens to younger children going to the corner shop.

But if he often went out for hours and would get chatting..heknew a wide circle of people...he was sociable...his parents didn't really know what he was up to..that gives us valuable insight.
It was also reported that he would often go for walks in Shirley Hills. It's a local beauty spot and lots of people did go walking there, but it was also a very notorious sex meet up site after dark, for gay and straight people. There was a newspaper article I linked back to a while ago from the Daily Mirror where they talked about how newspaper personal columns were used to arrange meet ups there for what we'd now call dogging. There was also a lot of violence in Shirley Hills, numerous people were attacked and there was at least one murder. The police (and his family) searched the area thoroughly after he disappeared as they knew he used to go there.
 
  • #215
Snipped by me. This is a value bit of info that l didnt realise before. I always thought it odd he just popped out and was never seen again. That's the kind of thing that happens to younger children going to the corner shop.

But if he often went out for hours and would get chatting..heknew a wide circle of people...he was sociable...his parents didn't really know what he was up to..that gives us valuable insight.
I've put a link up the article in question in the British newspaper archives below. It's an interview with his mother.


It's from The Croydon Advertiser on 25th April 1986, so pretty close to when Kevin disappeared. I have transcribed it below so hopefully that's ok:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

"When the phone rings

EVERYTHING that has happened in the long weeks since Kevin Hicks vanished is clear as crystal in the mind of his mother.
She remembers how Kevin’s father came up with a fiver after the wheedling Kevin had said on the Saturday: “Mum, Andrew wants to go ice skating and I haven't got any money.”
“You’ve cleaned me out, ask your father,” she had replied. And so, with his father's help, Kevin and his friend went ice skating.
She remembers how for three weeks she and her husband went out every morning and every night looking for the boy in the jeans and anorak, and calling on people he knew.
Letters
She remembers how letters in answer to job applications began arriving: an interview to be fixed came from the Bank of England; a request for a reference came from Barclays Bank. It was banking that Kevin thought he would like for a career.
“He would have been well chuffed at this,” said Mrs Hicks, smiling wistfully, she added: “I typed the letters for him.”
A personnel clerk in a Croydon store, she happened to be on holiday from work the first week of Kevin’s disappearance. Then she had two weeks more away from her part-time job as she waited for news.
She remembers with deep gratitude her friend and neighbour Maureen’s support in those weeks.
Maureen would come and sit with her and they would talk for hours. “Just so that I was not on my own,” said Mrs Hicks.
The three weeks are long gone and Mrs Hicks has returned to her part-time job, working Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays.
On Thursday, a few weeks ago, the phone rang in the morning.
“I answered it and no one replied. I couldn’t make it out. I said ‘hello,’ and ‘speak to me’ but nothing happened, and then the line went dead.
“At first I thought, how rude. If it was a wrong number they could have said ‘sorry.’
“Then I thought, perhaps it was His Lordship (Kevin), just ringing to hear my voice but too scared to say anything.
Hopes
“Last Wednesday evening it happened again. The phone rang, but there seemed to be no one there. Kevin would know I was usually here on a Wednesday evening ... I just wonder, perhaps it was him.”
It’s little things like this that keep Mrs Hicks going, keep up her hopes.
“Perhaps he met someone and was persuaded to go somewhere, thought it was a good wheeze at the time and is now too frightened to get in touch,” she said.

Missing from home​

'Like a bereavement without a funeral'​

WHERE is Kevin Hicks? The 16 year old schoolboy, a lanky 5ft 10in, left his home in Addiscombe one Sunday evening to buy eggs and chocolate buttons for a cookery class at John Ruskin High School the next day.
He had 200 yards to go, a 15 minute trip there and back, to a late opening, seven days a week, shop on the corner.
On the coffee table in the lounge of his well-kept home that Sunday evening were his keys to the front door and his special pride since he wanted to buy a motorbike — the driving licence he had just received.
Kevin Hicks never returned from that trip to the corner shop.
Now, almost eight weeks later, his parents Derek and Terry and his 15 year old sister Alex, don’t know what to think.
Alex, also a pupil at John Ruskin, has to cope with her schoolmates' inquiries for news of Kevin. Sometimes she tells her mother how fed up she is, having to tell them he is still missing and that they have heard nothing.
"Sometimes she's a bit tearful," says fair-haired Terry Hicks, the boy's 38 year old mother, sitting in her kitchen within a few paces of the phone and the front door.
On the evening his son vanished, Derek Hicks, 40, a computer manager for Tate and Lyle, had been summoned back to work in Bromley because alarm bells were ringing in the computer department.
His wife and Alex were watching TV after Kevin went to the shop. About an hour later Alex noticed the time he had been gone, said Terry. "You wouldn't let me take that long — you'd want to know why," she observed to her mother.
"I expect he met someone and is talking," said Mrs Hicks.
At 10 pm Alex again remarked on her brother's absence. "I'd get in a right row if I had stayed out that long," she said.
Mrs Hicks felt a faint stirring of anxiety, dismissed it.
When her husband returned from work at 11.30 pm he found an anxious Terry meeting him at the door. "Calm down," he advised.
Alex went to bed. And when anxiety eventually got the better of them, Mr Hicks went to the police.
Understandably, they did not at once share the Hicks' concern. A 16 year old boy, away from home for a few hours? So what's new? Details were taken, routine checks begun . . .
Mr and Mrs Hicks could not just wait. First he drove around the district, looking for the young man in a distinctive anorak in red, white and black that Kevin put on to go to the shops.
Then she took over and drove everywhere she thought her son might have gone.
It was four o'clock in the morning before, exhausted, the worried parents went to bed.

MOTHER'S VIGIL AT THE WINDOW

KEVIN’S bedroom in the corner house in Sissinghurst Road, has two regular occupants since he vanished.
One is Blue, the pet tan and black alsatian with the floppy ears.
Kevin taught the dog to do little barks when ordered to “speak.” And he showed Blue also how to rattle the letterbox when someone calls.
Nagging question: WHY?
AS they contemplate in their separate ways the mystery of their missing son, Derek Hicks and his wife Terry try to find answers, reasons.
There was the case of the washing up the night he vanished.
Mrs Hicks had a sore throat and asked her husband and son if they would do the washing up after their evening meal.
“I’ll wash, you dry,” said Kevin.
When he had finished, his father was dissatisfied. There were, he complained, still traces of food on the washed plates and they would have to be done again.
Was that enough to make the boy leave home, the bewildered couple have asked themselves.
He had a Saturday job at the Co-op and had just spent a £35 bonus on new speakers for his stereo system.
Would he have done that if he meant to
leave home?

Blue now sleeps in Kevin's empty room each night.
And in the daytime the room provides a vantage point for Terry Hicks, seated on the sill and gazing forlornly from the window.
From there, and the window in the next bedroom, she can see two different roads.
"I spend a lot of time there, just looking, in case I should see him coming home and not brave enough to come and ring the bell, but standing somewhere near.
"My husband tells me I must stop it and Alex says I shall wear out the carpet walking from one room to the other."
"I glare at the phone and say to myself. . . ring, ring, ring. . . I'm trying to will it to ring and for it to be Kevin."
"One day I screeched to a halt in the car because there was this boy in a jacket just like Kevin's. It was a friend of his, who jumped out of his skin.
"I said, 'Oh, I thought it was Kevin, and he said I'm sorry Mrs Hicks, I won't wear it any more.
Sometimes I see Alex get up and stare through the window and she says she thought some lad passing looked like Kevin. On one occasion I looked, too, and said, no he's got too big a bum, that's not like Kev.
"But sitting here, waiting for the phone to ring, or the gate catch to go and the door bell to ring, and nothing happens, and the police don't call. . . it eats away at you. . ."
Mrs Hicks says she understands now what it must have been like for women during the war who were told their sons or husbands were missing. Never to know for sure what had happened.
"It is like a bereavement without a funeral," she says.

The search

MAN in charge of the search for Kevin Hicks is Det-insp Brian Tomkins.
His latest move will be next week when 150 cadets from Hendon Police College will be joining local police in a yard by yard search of Shirley Hills, where Kevin was known to go for walks.
"He was not the sort of boy one would expect to disappear," said Insp Tomkins. "We have become increasingly worried that something may have happened to him.
"As time goes by, we have to conclude that either he was determined to get away from the area, or something more serious has happened to him.
"But if that is the case, why haven't we found him?"

END OF ARTICLE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Also worth noting is that the article clearly states that Kevin had bought the speakers with a £35 bonus from his Saturday job at the Co-op. Clearly, the police no longer believe that to be the case, so had possibly checked with the Co-op and found that there had not been a bonus or that it was a lot smaller than £35. If indeed Kevin was being groomed and had got the money from someone, £35 was a lot of money back then, especially for a teenager. As of April 2026, it would have been the equivalent of £150 - it seems very, very unlikely that a kid with a Saturday job would have got a bonus like that in those days unless it covered quite a long period. His basic pay would have been an absolute pittance and he would only have been working a few hours a week. The co-op was also in real decline back then, which makes it seem even more unlikely.
 
  • #216
I've been going through some old newspaper reports about Kevin's case and found some interesting further information about Kevin’s life and character, what was going on in the area where he lived at the time, and convicted offenders who were either of interest to the police at the time or were from the area and had committed crimes against boys of Kevin’s age around that time. There’s quite a lot of information, but it’s all genuinely interesting. I’ve provided links to the newspaper articles, many of which appear on the British Newspaper Archive website and required a paid subscription, but I’ve summarised what the articles said.

Kevin’s Life and Personality:
• Kevin's mother was interviewed in an article in 1991. She said that Kevin had been bullied at school a couple of months before he disappeared, but it doesn't say what for. He apparently asked the school to change his classes to get away from the bullies. She also said that the family had considered whether Kevin had been on drugs or had been gay, but since his sister Alexandra was socially outgoing when Kevin was introverted, and she knew pretty much all of Kevin's friends, they discounted the possibility as all of his friends had said he hadn't taken drugs / wasn't gay. Of course, that doesn't rule out either. I suspect it would have possibly been easier to tell if he was taking drugs (especially as he rarely went out), but certainly back in those days if you were a gay school kid, your friends were the absolute last people you'd tell as you could be fairly sure you'd get a bad reaction (and someone who'd already been bullied for it would have been accurately aware of that).

Register | British Newspaper Archive

• Kevin's known life gives few hints to his disappearance. An April 1986 articles discusses how he had been applying for a number of jobs, and an offer of an interview at the Bank of England arrived the day after his disappearance. Kevin had also decided he was going to get a motorbike and had received his provisional licence. On the day before his disappearance, he had told his dad he had no money but wanted to go ice skating with his friend Andrew. His dad lent him the money and he went, presumably to an ice rink in central Croydon. One of the saddest parts of the story was about his dog - who would go and sleep in Kevin's bedroom every night after he disappeared. Given it was a German Shepherd and Kevin seems to have been close to the dog, why didn't he take it with him the night he disappeared? What was Kevin planning to do that night? Kevin comes across as a mature lad for his age, and somewhat introverted. The Crimewatch slot about him said he rarely went out.

Register | British Newspaper Archive


Offenders
• Police back in 1986 were looking to see if there were any potential links to Victor Miller but didn't find anything. Victor Miller abducted and murdered 14 year old paper boy Stuart Gough in Worcestershire in 1988. Miller has also attacked a number of other boys, dating back to 1979 in Brighton. After he was released from jail in 1983 he lived in Wolverhampton. Miller is unusual in that he attacked teenage boys older and bigger than Kevin was, including one 6' tall 18 year old who managed to fight him off.

Register | British Newspaper Archive

We know that Croydon was absolutely crawling with sex offenders (notably 'The Dirty Dozen' but there were many other seemingly 'lone wolf' offenders. There were at least two offenders in that era in Croydon who were convicted for violent sexual attacks on lads around Kevin’s age. The first was a man called Anthony Jewhurst who lived in South Norwood but committed at least one crime in his grandmother’s flat in Clyde Road, Addiscombe, which a few streets away from Kevin’s home. The first reported incident he was linked to happened in July 1986. Jewhurst was charged with the murder of an 18 year old lad, Gavin Smith (sometimes spelled Smyth), after he was found stabbed to death near some garages where Jewhurst was renting one. Jewhurst had brought Smith there several days earlier, saying that he was going to be selling some speakers (The police said that Kevin was groomed with speakers). Blood stains matching Smith were found on the walls of Jewhurst’s garage, but in those days they were only able to test for blood group. Smith’s group was very common and it was not considered evidence enough to convict and he was acquitted. Jewhurst said that he was ‘trying to hide his homosexuality’. Jewhurst was in court again in 1992 and jailed for 7 years after he randomly approached a 19 year old lad in Kennington Park. He told the lad that he had a removal van and asked him if he wanted to make £50 by helping him to clear a house, one which turned out to be his grandmother’s house (who was in hospital at the time) in Clyde Road, Addiscombe, near where Kevin lived. Once there, Jewhurst asked the lad to move some furniture and when his back was he plunged a knife into him, puncturing his lung. A bizarre conversation then followed in which Jewhurst said to the dying lad something along the lines of that ‘if I [Jewhurst] was dying I’d like to have sex – will you have sex with me?’ The lad bluffed his way out of it and said if Jewhurst took him to hospital, he’d return and have sex with him. Unbelievably, Jewhurst did so and he was arrested. The lad thankfully made a full recovery.

Register | British Newspaper Archive

Register | British Newspaper Archive

Register | British Newspaper Archive

The second offender was a man called Derek Bradley of Upper Norwood. Bradley had a string of offence dating back to at least 1985 for violent sexual attacks on a lad that he had lured back to his home, including a 17 year old in 1985, a knife attack on another young man in 1992 and then an attack on a 20 year old who spurned his sexual advances in 1997. In that incident. Bradley knocked his young victim out and then pouted hot water from a kettle over him.

Register | British Newspaper Archive

Other Incidents and Possibilities Nearby

• In 1988, the newspaper reported that two men, driving along late one Saturday night, reported a potential abduction of a child. They witnessed a man dragging a crying 5 year old along the road and thought it highly unusual at that time of night. The road that it was on, Coombe Lane, was also notorious for having a public toilet that was used by gay men for cruising for sex. Coombe Lane is right beside Shirley Hills and leads on to Shirley Road, where Kevin was last seen. It’s also about a 20 minute walk from where Kevin’s school was. The police thoroughly searched Shirley Hills again, and Lloyd Park which adjoins it. As we’ll see below, the toilets on Coombe Lane attracted violence.

Register | British Newspaper Archive

• Another local gay man was murdered by the now notorious "M25 gang" in 1988. The gang has committed violent burglaries along the M25. The man they murdered, Peter Hurburgh, was also known to frequent Shirley Hills for sex, although the attack didn’t happen there.

Register | British Newspaper Archive

Register | British Newspaper Archive

• Despite the fact that it was a "nicer" part of Croydon where Kevin lived, there was a lot of other crime in the local area. Just a couple of months after Kevin’s disappearance, the Co-op near Kevin’s home on Morland Road, Addiscombe (possibly the one Kevin worked in) was subject to an armed raid by two men aged about 20, in broad daylight one Monday afternoon. The manager was held at knifepoint and forced to hand over £2,000 in cash from the safe.
In 1987, the year after Kevin's disappearance, the local newspaper reported on the arrest of a man for drugs offences who lived literally in the next street to Kevin. When he was arrested, he was in the company of one of his friends who was then also arrested by the police on suspicion of being a contract killer (!) responsible for the murder of a scrap dealer in central Croydon. This man's trial later collapsed due to lack of evidence. They were both arrested when walking together along Long Lane in Croydon, which intersects Shirley Road near where Kevin was last seen. What was happening in the area perhaps underlines the possibility that Kevin's grooming may not have been sexual. Grooming is also used by criminal / drugs gangs to lure kids in. Did Kevin get involved with drugs or crime? Were those speakers he had stolen goods? The police described the Sumner Road area of Croydon where the scrap dealer was shot (a 7 minute drive from Kevin’s home) in 1987 as a ‘notorious’ place for gangs and drugs. There was a further drugs incident in 1986 / 1987 when Customs raided a house in Ashburton Avenue in Addiscombe (a couple of streets from Kevin's home) and arrested two men for importing drugs from Spain. They had been monitoring the house for some time and the men were convicted in early 1987.

Register | British Newspaper Archive

Register | British Newspaper Archive

Register | British Newspaper Archive

Register | British Newspaper Archive

Register | British Newspaper Archive

Violence against Youths and Homophobic Attacks

A gang of Croydon youths were also convicted in 1987 for attacking, wounding and robbing teenage boys aged 15-17 at knifepoint. When the gang were convicted, threats to kill the judge and jury were made in court and they had to be escorted home by police. The apparent ringleader of the gang was pretty much the same age as Kevin and lived very near to him in Addiscombe in Inglis Road – very possible that they would have gone to the same school and known each other.

https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003614/19870925/005/0005

In 1982 a 17 year old was arrested outside toilets in Church Road Upper Norwood. He said that he had deliberately gone there to attack any gay man who propositioned him

https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003614/19820806/011/0011

In 1985, there was a report of another event when a group of young men travelled to Addiscombe to ‘scare homosexuals’. Police were called to the previously mentioned toilets in Coombe Lane in the early hours of the morning and it appears that some men were assaulted by the group. A number of women also had their handbags snatched by the group on different days.

https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003588/19850419/003/0003

In 1989, it was reported that Beaulieu Heights in South Norwood was being used by gay men for sex. The council’s park’s manager said that it was known that “several” local parks and toilets were used by gay men for sex. Bynes Road toilets, further South in Croydon, were also named in 1987.

https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003614/19870904/019/0019

https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003614/19890616/001/0001

And finally, in August 1987, it was reported that three men had been attacked on Friday night in Ashburton Park (near where Kevin was last seen) by a gang of 10 youths with sticks and metal bars. It doesn’t say what either party was doing in the park that night.

https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003614/19870807/006/0006

Details of Kevin’s Case

• The 1986 article below mention the speakers that Kevin had, but say that he bought them with his own money that he got from a bonus from his job at the Co-op. When the police re-investigated in 2016, they said that was not the case and the speakers had come to him via the person who had groomed him. It's not clear whether they believe that person gave Kevin money and he bought the speakers with them, or whether the speakers were given directly. What evidence did the police come across to make them change their mind and think grooming has taken place?

Register | British Newspaper Archive

Schoolboy missing for 30 years was groomed before he was 'murdered', detectives believe

* Kevin's bedroom was described as having a view over two main roads, being at the end of the block. Had somebody come and waved to him to come out that night? Kevin’s family said that on that night, he had taken a bath then as he went out, he emptied all of his pockets, removing his provisional driving licence, several Pound coins and keys. He only took the £1 for the eggs and chocolate buttons he was going to buy. This perhaps seems slightly strange. One possible explanation is that he was going somewhere where might lose them, or they may be stolen. It’s maybe reading too much into it, but it sounds like the kind of thing someone would do if they were going to go cruising for sex in the parklands nearby which were used for it: the likes Shirley Hills and Ashburton Park, near where Kevin was last seen. It’s all speculation, but perhaps Kevin went to Shirley Hills and after a while there with nobody about (given that it was such a cold night), he went to look at what was happening in Ashburton Park.

https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003614/19870306/006/0006

Register | British Newspaper Archive

• It was reported that Kevin would regularly go for walks in Shirley Hills. It is a local beauty spot and popular with locals, but also has a reputation as being somewhat dangerous after dark. Apart from a number of kids being arrested there for antisocial behaviour, there was at least one murder there, in 1992, where a man ‘notorious amongst his friends for his hatred of gays’, (Kevin Gallagher) who had been attacking gay men murdered a man in Shirley Hills and attempted to bury his body there. Two 17 year olds were also charged, and one said that Gallagher had taken him on previous ‘missions’ to rob gay men “at a notorious night time meeting place for gays” (possibly why Kevin Hicks emptied his pockets before he went out??). Gallagher also had a conviction for sexually attacking a school girl, and three others on women. Shirley Hills was searched by police after Kevin disappeared. Shirley Hills was described as a ‘notorious late night meeting place for homosexuals’.

https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003760/19921217/001/0001

https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003614/19871016/013/0013

Register | British Newspaper Archive

https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003760/19921210/001/0001

https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003671/19921203/008/0008

https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003614/19920501/001/0001

* Kevin was last seen near the Cricketers Pub on Shirley Road, near Ashburton Park at around 22:15 – around 90 minutes after he’d left the house. Where did he go during that time?

https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003614/19870306/006/0006

* The police in 1986 summed up the mystery of this case. They said "Either Kevin wanted to get out of the area very badly, or something terrible has happened to him. Given the length of time that has elapsed, we suspect the later may now be more likely. But if that is the case, why haven't we found his body?" The 2016 re-investigation seems to have changed everything. They said Kevin had been groomed and that they believed he had been murdered "within hours of leaving the house" that night. What evidence had they found to change their position? They also said that they were confident that there are people in Croydon who know what happened to Kevin.

Register | British Newspaper Archive

Schoolboy missing for 30 years was groomed before he was 'murdered', detectives believe

* It’s also an odd coincidence, but the killer of April Jones in Wales (Mark Bridger) actually went to Kevin’s school and would have been there when Kevin was there. Bridger four years older than Kevin.

Mark Bridger lived fantasy life that took dark turn

In summary, the key to the case seems to be in finding out where Kevin went after he left the house, and how he ended up walking North on Shirley Road near Ashburton Park. The shop he was supposed to go to seems slightly to the West of his house, but Shirley Road is further away to the East. Walking North along Shirley Road implies that he had been somewhere to the South. Apart from residential streets, the only things directly to the South were Shirley Hills, the adjoining Lloyd Park, and Kevin’s school. However, if he’d been to Shirley Hills then (depending on the exit he may have taken) there were more direct routes home than Shirley Road. This may imply that his immediate destination wasn’t home, but Ashburton Park. Apparently Police these days look very closely at a victim’s movements in the 24 hours before they disappear. We know that Kevin had gone to the ice rink the night before, and spent the morning in the Park the day he disappeared.
There seems to be no end of possibilities about what actually happened to Kevin. It’s not fully clear from what the Police said as to whether they believed the person who they believe groomed him had killed him, or whether it was a chance encounter with someone else. What is certain though is that they would either have needed a car to dispose of his body, disposed of it on their own property, or in a more remote area if they had met Kevin there. If Kevin did enter Ashburton Park, as seems very possible, then he could have been attacked by any number of people. If he had been to see the person who was grooming him, why was he then on the street again on Shirley Road 90 minutes later? Did this person follow him? One thing does seem probable: that as with many teenagers, there were things happening in Kevin’s life that his family and immediate friends were not aware of.
I think you should be making a podcast.
 
  • Like
Reactions: THX
  • #217
I think you should be making a podcast.
Thanks.

It's a real shame that this case has never had the attention it deserves. Really sad case. I think sometimes as well it all seems more vivid if the victim somehow seems to be a familiar type to you. I think a lot of us who grew up in that era knew someone who was a bit like Kevin.
 
Last edited:

Guardians Monthly Goal

Members online

Online statistics

Members online
172
Guests online
1,810
Total visitors
1,982

Forum statistics

Threads
645,649
Messages
18,845,729
Members
245,755
Latest member
ladyjade
Top