Well I'm hoping Holloways lawyer wrote up a little default judgement clause if his agreement with VDS is in writing was not the truth. I also wonder what types of leins could be attached to JDS's accounts and and all if he defaulted on such an agreement.
I'm aware of a foreign lein but I think it deals within the US and Canada on real property.
Any legal mind care to adventure?
There's no such thing as putting a default judgment in a contract. Our court (namely the Supremes) don't allow anyone but themselves to adjudicate or to to dictate what the law is (i.e., interpretation of the laws), or if a law is Constitutionally valid (see the infamous Marbury vs. Madison).
Parties may stipulate liquidated damages in a contract, provided they actually reflect a good faith estimate of future damages. Then, if a court grants a default judgment on a subsequent claim, which a court will do only if the other party fails to make an answer or make an appearance, there is something for the court to go by without the claimant having to prove what the damages are.
As far as liening property in another country, that's surely a very high hurdle. People in a foreign country (nor their agents, i.e., their attorney) cannot simply attach someone else's property (especially federally owned or insured property like bank accounts). As here in the U.S., you need a court order to take someone else's property, and that court order must come from that country....or we wouldn't ever have to go to war. We could just get our courts to grant the U.S. govt (or people thereof) all of Iraq's property, go file the attachments in their appropriate records venue & move in (and all be rich from the oil
.
Of course if you own personal property and sell it on credit, you can hold title until it's paid (& go get it, if you can do so peacefully, because it is still yours). And of course, there are the power of sale clauses in deeds of trust, but those have to be perfected by filing in the local county before the deed is ever filed....
Anyway, at the end of the day, property (real property & currency) in a country belongs to that country. That country grants the right to have title to property and establishes currency for that county. For example, if you died with no heirs, then the state gets [back, since the original grant came from them] that property.
This is all to say that, while I am NO international property expert by any stretch, just in going by what our laws would permit (and we're quite liberal property-wise) and a peripheral knowledge of old common law, the process for a foreigner to claim assets in another country would require a successful lawsuit (which would likely take a minimum of 6 months just to move the paper around) *in that country.*