Elley Mae
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Diagnosing a brain as “dead” is a matter of determining the function of its most primitive area, the brain stem. The brain stem, the plug of neural tissue at the base where the spinal cord enters the skull, is the body’s plant manager, sustaining systems like muscle tone, metabolic equilibrium and ventilation.
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/10/health/the-science-behind-brain-death.html?hp&_r=0
The last step is called an apnea test.
To perform this, doctors allow the carbon dioxide level to slowly increase in the patient’s blood; once the concentration reaches a certain threshold, anyone with a partly functional brain stem will wheeze for breath. This is the true litmus test for brain death, and it can take about 20 minutes, during which doctors must not leave the room even for a moment, said Dr. Panayiotis N. Varelas, director of the neuroscience intensive care unit at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit.
“If the patient tries to breathe, you abort the test immediately and say the patient is not brain-dead,” Dr. Varelas said.
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/10/health/the-science-behind-brain-death.html?hp&_r=0
The last step is called an apnea test.
To perform this, doctors allow the carbon dioxide level to slowly increase in the patient’s blood; once the concentration reaches a certain threshold, anyone with a partly functional brain stem will wheeze for breath. This is the true litmus test for brain death, and it can take about 20 minutes, during which doctors must not leave the room even for a moment, said Dr. Panayiotis N. Varelas, director of the neuroscience intensive care unit at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit.
“If the patient tries to breathe, you abort the test immediately and say the patient is not brain-dead,” Dr. Varelas said.